Calibrated intrinsic value vs last close
Illustrative estimate- Last close (VND)
- 13.000
- Calibrated intrinsic value (VND)
- 13.384
Last close × (1 + calibrated gap / 100)
Earnings-capitalised value
Not available: the company reported a loss last year or its shares have too short a price history.
How it is calculated
- 1Measure the gap
Between the model and the last close.
- 2Check the record2015–2024
What gaps of that size went on to earn over the following year.
- 3Apply to the close
That return is applied to the last close.
Keep in mind
- For illustration only: not a validated forecast.
- No uncertainty range: the estimate is a single figure.
- Older record: it has not been re-measured on the current data.
Why it needs review
- Under financial distress the model falls back to book value.
This estimate remains visible for checking its calculation. Its inputs require review before using it in a stock comparison. The model comparison behind this value needs review. The estimate does not remove the data limitations listed above.
Comparison assessed 3 Nov 2026Valid through 2 Dec 2026
- Model reliability
- Very Low
- Model fitInput stabilityRisk checks
- High requires the model’s diagnostic criteria to be met.
- Probability of outperforming peers
- Not assessed
- A separate peer-outperformance probability is unavailable for this valuation.
These assessments address different questions. Neither establishes that the displayed valuation is correct or guarantees a future return.
Valuation Breakdown
Construction and industrial firms have lumpy, project-based earnings that swing with the building cycle. Order books fill and empty, so a single year's profit is a poor guide to normal earning power. This model values them on through-cycle EBITDA: a 7-year median EBITDA ("mid-cycle" earnings) times a fair EV/EBITDA multiple, less net debt. It mirrors the cyclical model.
Technical details
Project-based revenue is lumpy and asset-backed. EV/EBITDA is capital-structure-neutral and undistorted by depreciation policy, and mid-cycle EBITDA normalizes across the building cycle so a firm isn't overvalued at a peak or undervalued at a trough.
Computes 7-year median EBITDA and a fair EV/EBITDA from the firm's own history blended toward the construction-sector median. Net debt is taken directly from the balance sheet (short- plus long-term borrowings minus cash and short-term investments, which hold most term deposits). Fair Value = (Mid-Cycle EBITDA x Fair EV/EBITDA) - Net Debt.
Construction & materials and industrial goods & services companies with lumpy, project-based revenue and asset-backed balance sheets.
We take the model’s gap to the last close, read what gaps of that size went on to earn over the following year in our 2015 to 2024 record, and apply that to the last close.
Last close × (1 + calibrated gap / 100)
Earnings Quality
Financial Forensics
Ranked vs Vietnamese peers. The −1.78 Beneish cutoff is US-calibrated; ~28% of VN stocks exceed it.
Checks measured on Vietnamese companies · FY2025
- Cash conversion, 3 yearsOperating cash flow / net profit
- 1.1150th pctile
- Receivables outside the trade cyclePrepayments to suppliers, loans and other long-term receivables / total assets
- 0.1%9th pctile
- Accumulated losses / paid-in capitalUndistributed earnings below zero
- None
- Consecutive years of net lossProfit after tax of the parent
- 0
- Owner's equityWithout the non-controlling interest
- Positive
Percentiles rank each fiscal year against Vietnamese non-financial companies (0 lowest, 100 highest). Over FY2015-2024, low cash conversion and a large share of receivables outside the trade cycle came before more listing trouble and more net losses the next year.
Statutory loss tests (Decree 155/2020/NĐ-CP, Art. 120(1)(e), amended by Decree 245/2025/NĐ-CP): a HOSE or HNX listing is cancelled when the audited annual statements show net losses in each of the latest 3 years, accumulated losses above the paid-in charter capital, or negative owner's equity. Read here from the annual statements as the data vendor publishes them.
The company shows notable accounting signals concentrated in its Beneish M-Score (0.211) which sits at the 94th percentile versus Vietnamese peers and moved up by +2.46 year-over-year, indicating an accounting trajectory that is more aggressive than most local peers. Specific component signals include a very high DSRI (4.0031) and LVGI (1.5275) contrasted with strong accruals and cash-conversion metrics (accruals quality 100/100; cash-conversion 99.4/100), while solvency metrics are weak (Altman Z-Score 1.41, in the distress zone) and operating fundamentals are middling (Piotroski F-Score 5/9).
- Beneish M-Score 0.211 (94th VN percentile; YoY change +2.46): the level is above most Vietnamese peers and the upward year-over-year move flags a shift in accounting behaviour relative to the local sample (note: the -1.78 US cutoff is not directly comparable to VN prevalence).
- DSRI (Days’ Sales Receivables Index) = 4.0031: DSRI measures whether receivables are growing faster than sales (a high value suggests sales are being recognized before cash collection or that receivables are being extended).
- LVGI (Leverage Index) = 1.5275: LVGI > 1 indicates balance-sheet leverage increased versus the prior year, a contributor to the M-Score and a possible pressure point for earnings quality and solvency.
- AQI (Asset Quality Index) = 1.3807: AQI > 1 implies a shift toward non-current or less-transparent assets (e.g., capitalized costs, long‑term receivables, prepayments or other non-trade assets) relative to revenue, which can mask true earning power.
- Receivables quality = 0.0/100 despite low measured receivables outside the trade cycle: the earnings-quality metric flags revenue/receivable concerns even though the explicit check shows only 0.1% of assets in receivables outside the trade cycle; this mismatch warrants verification of classification and measurement of receivables and revenue recognition timing.
- SGAI (Sales, General & Admin Index) = 1.1925 and SGAI component of M-Score >1: operating selling/admin costs are growing faster than sales, which can indicate margin pressure or discretionary expense recognition/timing.
- Altman Z-Score = 1.41 (distress zone): this measures distance to financial distress using profitability, liquidity, leverage and activity ratios — the reported value places the company in the model’s distress zone.
- Accruals quality = 100.0/100: the accruals component indicates that reported earnings are closely supported by cash flows from operations (low abnormal accruals).
- Cash-conversion quality = 99.4/100 and three-year cash conversion (operating cash flow / net profit) = 1.11 (50th percentile): operating cash broadly converts reported profit to cash over three years at a median level among VN non-financials.
- Receivables outside the trade cycle = 0.1% of total assets (9th percentile): on the face of the balance sheet, prepayments / loans-receivable / long-term receivables are small relative to assets compared with peers.
- Accumulated losses: none; owner’s equity (parent, excluding minority interest): positive; statutory loss tests: none met — the published statements do not trigger the listed-company statutory loss criteria in Decree 155/2020 (as amended).
- Piotroski F-Score = 5/9: a neutral-to-moderate score showing mixed but not uniformly weak operating and balance-sheet fundamentals.
The listed-group ownership is concentrated: controlling stakes above 50% in GIC (66.3%), VSM (65.0%) and VGR (54.4%), with significant influence in VNA (39.0%) and DNL (30.9%). Largest individual shareholders hold single-digit stakes (6.2% and 5.8%), and several institutional holders are near 5%. Director-deal disclosures show 7 sale registrations (5 registrants; 625,312 shares; 3 without volumes) and 2 purchase registrations (2 registrants; 500,000 shares; 1 without volume) in the last year—these are registered intentions, not executed trades.
- Compare the year‑over‑year change in trade receivables and revenue in the notes to the financial statements (sales and receivables schedules) to reconcile the DSRI (4.0031) and confirm timing of revenue recognition.
- Inspect the related‑party and other receivables notes for any long‑term receivables, prepayments to suppliers or loans to affiliates that feed AQI = 1.3807 and clarify the 0.1% of assets reported as receivables outside the trade cycle.
- Reconcile operating cash flow to reported net profit in the cash-flow statement and the accruals note to validate accruals quality = 100/100 and the three-year cash-conversion ratio (1.11).
- Review the capital structure and leverage disclosures (debt schedule, borrowings and off‑balance items) that underlie LVGI = 1.5275 and the inputs to the Altman Z‑Score (working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity if disclosed).
Generated by AI based on quantitative data. Not financial advice.
Quantitative Scores
Key Ratios
- P/B
- 0.91
- P/S
- 1.54
- ROE
- 6.9%
- ROA
- 3.3%
- EPS
- 911
- BVPS
- 14.463
- Gross Margin
- 35.6%
- Net Margin
- 16.4%
- D/E
- 0.84
- Current Ratio
- 1.33
- Rev Growth
- +15.0%
- Profit Growth
- +1.4%
- EV/EBITDA
- 8.50
- Div Yield
- 3.8%
Company Overview
- Shares outstanding
- 374M
- Charter Capital
- 3,744B VND
- Sector (ICB L2)
- Hàng & Dịch vụ Công nghiệp
- Industry (ICB L3)
- Vận tải
- Sub-industry
- Kho bãi, hậu cần và bảo dưỡng
- Company Type
- CT