MAS

• Beneish M-Score = -1.6709; this is above the US -1.78 cutoff but that cutoff is US-based—relative context matters. The company ranks at the 76th percentile among Vietnamese peers (higher = more aggressive accounting vs VN peers) and the M-Score moved +1.84 year-over-year, indicating a notable change in the accounting signal.
• DSRI (Days’ Sales in Receivables Index) = 1.6701, which measures whether receivables are growing faster than sales; a value >1 suggests receivables grew faster than sales and can indicate revenue recognition pressure.
• AQI (Asset Quality Index) = 1.8425, which measures shifts toward non-current and potentially less-transparent assets; a high AQI suggests increasing capitalization of costs or growth in long-term/other assets.
• DEPI (Depreciation Index) = 1.4354, indicating depreciation expense has decreased relative to prior-period gross PPE patterns (values >1 mean slower depreciation or rising gross asset base), which can boost reported profits.
• Receivables quality = 0.0/100 and the Vietnamese check for receivables outside the trade cycle is 0.3% of total assets (17th percentile). The low receivables-quality score and elevated DSRI contrast with a low reported level of non-trade receivables—this is a mixed signal needing item-level review.
• Three-year cash conversion (operating cash flow / net profit) = 2.32 (79th percentile). A ratio >1 (here >2) means profit is not fully converting to cash and ranks relatively poorly versus peers.

• Earnings Quality overall = 78.6/100 with Accruals quality = 100/100 and Cash conversion = 100/100 (these two sub-scores indicate reported earnings are not driven by accrual distortions in the accruals and cash-conversion measures used in that score).
• Revenue quality = 100.0/100 and Margin quality = 86.1/100, suggesting reported top-line and margins are reasonably supported by the metrics in the earnings-quality model.
• Altman Z-Score = 3.53 (safe zone), which measures distance from bankruptcy using profitability, leverage, liquidity and activity components and places the company well away from insolvency thresholds.
• Piotroski F-Score = 5/9 (neutral) — some improving fundamentals but not extreme deterioration; it indicates a mix of positive and negative operational/accounting signals.

Top shareholder is Tổng Công ty Hàng không Việt Nam (state-related institution) with 36.1%, followed by three individuals holding 11.0%, 9.5% and 8.7%, and a listed affiliate VE1 at 6.2%. This is a concentrated ownership structure dominated by a large state-related institutional holder; director-deal registrations show 1 purchase registration (100,000 shares) and net registered volume of +2.34% of shares outstanding over 2025-10-30 to 2026-10-30 (registrations are intentions disclosed to the exchange, not executed trades).

• Compare the movement in trade receivables and other receivables: inspect the notes ‘Receivables and prepayments’ (or equivalent schedule) for FY2024–FY2025 to reconcile DSRI = 1.6701 with the reported receivables breakdown and the 0.3% of total assets classified as receivables outside the trade cycle.
• Reconcile AQI = 1.8425 and DEPI = 1.4354 with the fixed-asset and intangible-asset notes: review additions, capitalization policies, depreciation rates and any changes in useful lives or capitalization thresholds in the FY2025 notes.
• Verify cash-flow drivers behind three-year cash conversion = 2.32 by comparing the consolidated statement of cash flows (operating cash flow) with consolidated profit after tax for the three-year period and review the working-capital notes for one-off timing items.
• Check related-party schedules and the ‘balances with related parties’ or loans/advances notes for any growth in non-trade receivables or prepayments that could affect AQI and receivables quality.